{"id":1535,"date":"2021-12-16T14:50:45","date_gmt":"2021-12-16T10:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/?p=1535"},"modified":"2024-12-27T11:35:45","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T07:35:45","slug":"tarixin-en-boyuk-5-iqtisadi-bohrani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/tarixin-en-boyuk-5-iqtisadi-bohrani\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarixin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck 5 iqtisadi b\u00f6hran\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p><strong>Hollandiyada Lal\u0259 \u0130flas\u0131 (1637)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Hollandiyada lal\u0259 so\u011fan\u0131 bazar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc (dig\u0259r ad\u0131 il\u0259 &#8220;lal\u0259 maniya&#8221;s\u0131) b\u00fct\u00fcn zamanlar\u0131n \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur iflaslar\u0131ndan biri idi. O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 lal\u0259 ticar\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan bir \u00e7ox insan m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 lal\u0259l\u0259rin \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259k a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131na z\u0259man\u0259t verirdil\u0259r. H\u00f6kum\u0259t bu maniyan\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 fyu\u00e7ers m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rinin q\u0131sa sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 qada\u011fan etdi. M\u0259hsulu baha qiym\u0259t\u0259 satma\u011fa al\u0131c\u0131 tapa bilm\u0259y\u0259nd\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259bat da azald\u0131. Qiym\u0259tl\u0259rin ucuzla\u015fma\u011f\u0131 m\u00f6ht\u0259kirl\u0259ri Hollandiya h\u00f6kum\u0259tind\u0259n d\u0259st\u0259k ist\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur etdi. H\u00f6kum\u0259t fyu\u00e7ers m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rinin 10 faizlik \u00f6d\u0259ni\u015fl\u0259 l\u0259\u011fv edilm\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259rar vers\u0259 d\u0259, tacirl\u0259r lal\u0259 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259 bilm\u0259di.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Wall Street \u0130flas\u0131 (1929)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>1920-ci ill\u0259rin sonunda y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 yat\u0131r\u0131m\u00e7\u0131 birjada spekulyativ \u201ck\u00f6p\u00fck\u201d yaratd\u0131. S\u0259hm almaq ist\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 8.5 milyard dollarl\u0131q borca imza atd\u0131. O zaman d\u00f6vriyy\u0259d\u0259 bu r\u0259q\u0259md\u0259n daha az pul var idi. 24 oktyabr 1929-cu ild\u0259 bazarda qiym\u0259t azald\u0131c\u0131 amill\u0259r i\u015f\u0259 sal\u0131nd\u0131. \u0130nvestorlar b\u00f6y\u00fck bir \u00e7axna\u015fma i\u00e7ind\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn investisiyalar\u0131n\u0131 birjalarda sataraq, iqtisadi depressiyan\u0131 daha da q\u0131z\u011f\u0131n hala g\u0259tirdi. Bazarda inam\u0131 b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Rokfeller ail\u0259si v\u0259 iri banklar\u0131n menecerl\u0259ri iri miqyasl\u0131 s\u0259hm al\u0131\u015flar\u0131 etdi. Amma bu add\u0131m panikan\u0131 dayand\u0131ra bilm\u0259di, 24 oktyabr h\u0259ft\u0259sind\u0259 bazarda d\u0259y\u0259r itkisi 30 milyard dollara \u00e7atm\u0131\u015f oldu. Fond bazar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fc, m\u00fc\u0259ssis\u0259l\u0259r ba\u011fland\u0131 v\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi iflaslar ba\u015f verdi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>AB\u015e-da kredit v\u0259 \u0259man\u0259t depozitl\u0259ri b\u00f6hran\u0131<\/strong><strong> (1986-1989)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>AB\u015e H\u00f6kum\u0259ti uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli v\u0259 sabit faizli ipoteka qiym\u0259tli ka\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0131sam\u00fcdd\u0259tli girovla maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259n kreditl\u0259ri v\u0259 \u0259man\u0259t depozitl\u0259rini y\u0131\u011f\u0131\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131. Q\u0131sam\u00fcdd\u0259tli faiz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259l\u0259ri artd\u0131qca, kreditl\u0259r v\u0259 \u0259man\u0259t depozitl\u0259ri d\u0259y\u0259rini itirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n m\u0259nfi ipoteka faizl\u0259ri yarand\u0131. Faiz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ki m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r bazar\u0131 idar\u0259olunmaz hala g\u0259tirdi. O zaman Fed s\u0259dri Pol Volker 1980-ci ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 staqflyasiya il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn dollar\u0131n art\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131rmaq q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 faiz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259l\u0259ri k\u0259skin \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259ldi, kreditl\u0259r v\u0259 \u0259man\u0259t depozitl\u0259ri \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>\u0130sve\u00e7 \u0130qtisadi b\u00f6hran\u0131 <\/strong><strong>(1990-1994)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>1985-ci ild\u0259 \u0130sve\u00e7 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti kredit bazar\u0131nda d\u00f6vl\u0259t n\u0259zar\u0259ti t\u0259l\u0259bini l\u0259\u011fv etdi. Bu q\u0259rardan sonra kommersiya da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259mlak spekulyasiya balonu partlad\u0131. 1990-1994-c\u00fc ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u0130sve\u00e7in \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck bank\u0131 da daxil olmaqla bank sektorunun 90 faizi b\u00f6y\u00fck itkil\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131. \u0130sve\u00e7 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti banklara maliyy\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259yi ver\u0259r\u0259k b\u00f6hran\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 alma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u0130ki bank\u0131 millil\u0259\u015fdirdi v\u0259 banklara kredit ver\u0259n qurumlara z\u0259man\u0259t verdi. Amma \u0259ksin\u0259, bundan banklar daha \u00e7ox z\u0259r\u0259r \u00e7\u0259kdi.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>B\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl (2007-2008)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>2007-ci ilin yay\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00fczr\u0259 maliyy\u0259 bazarlar\u0131 ucuz kreditl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 uzun ill\u0259rdir ki, hesabla\u015fman\u0131n gecikdirilm\u0259sinin \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rini g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u0130ki \u201cBear Stearns\u201d \u201cLehman Brothers\u201d\u00a0 hedc fondu \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fc. \u201cBNP Paribas\u201d is\u0259 investorlara onun iki fondundan pul \u00e7\u0131xara bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131q edirdi. Britaniya bank\u0131 \u201cNorthern Rock\u201d \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Bank\u0131ndan t\u0259cili maliyy\u0259 v\u0259saiti almaq \u00fczr\u0259 idi. X\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131q \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 baxmayaraq, \u00e7ox az sayda investor v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin B\u00f6y\u00fck T\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmaq \u00fczr\u0259 oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259l\u0259nirdi. T\u0259xmin\u0259n s\u0259kkiz onilliyin \u0259n pis b\u00f6hran\u0131 qlobal maliyy\u0259 sistemini b\u00fcr\u00fcm\u0259kd\u0259 idi. Bu b\u00f6hran h\u0259tta Wall Street-in n\u0259h\u0259ngl\u0259rin\u0259 bel\u0259 diz \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bir \u00e7ox adi insanlar\u0131n i\u015fl\u0259rini, h\u0259yatlar\u0131n\u0131, evl\u0259rini v\u0259 ya h\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc itirm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olan epik maliyy\u0259 v\u0259 iqtisadi \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f oldu.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hollandiyada Lal\u0259 \u0130flas\u0131 (1637) Hollandiyada lal\u0259 so\u011fan\u0131 bazar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc (dig\u0259r ad\u0131 il\u0259 &#8220;lal\u0259 maniya&#8221;s\u0131) b\u00fct\u00fcn zamanlar\u0131n \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur iflaslar\u0131ndan biri idi. O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 lal\u0259 ticar\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan bir \u00e7ox insan m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 lal\u0259l\u0259rin \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259k a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131na z\u0259man\u0259t verirdil\u0259r. H\u00f6kum\u0259t bu maniyan\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 fyu\u00e7ers m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rinin q\u0131sa sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 qada\u011fan etdi. M\u0259hsulu baha qiym\u0259t\u0259 satma\u011fa al\u0131c\u0131 tapa&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1545,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-meqaleler"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1535","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1535"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1535\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2644,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1535\/revisions\/2644"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1535"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}