Xarici valyuta ehtiyatlar\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin iqtisadi rifah\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox vacibdir. M\u00fcvafiq ehtiyatlar olmadan \u00f6lk\u0259 xam neft kimi kritik idxal\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 ya xarici borcuna xidm\u0259t ed\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k. Qeyri-adekvat ehtiyatlar iqtisadi b\u00f6hran v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zi bank\u0131n m\u00f6vcud reaksiyalar\u0131n\u0131 da m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131ra bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Xarici valyuta ehtiyatlar\u0131ndan valyuta m\u0259z\u0259nn\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 istifad\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r ki, bu da \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 qlobal ticar\u0259t\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u0130st\u0259r sabit, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259n valyuta xarici valyuta il\u0259 ist\u0259diyi m\u0259z\u0259nn\u0259d\u0259n k\u0259nara \u00e7\u0131xma\u011fa ba\u015flayarsa, m\u0259rk\u0259zi bank n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan m\u0259z\u0259nn\u0259ni b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131m olduqda ehtiyatlar\u0131 al\u0131b, sata bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Xarici valyutalar h\u00f6kum\u0259tin s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131nda olan yegan\u0259 aktiv formas\u0131 deyil. Beyn\u0259lxalq Valyuta Fondu (BVF) xarici ehtiyatlar\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin pul orqan\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259diyy\u0259 balans\u0131n\u0131n maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k, valyuta bazarlar\u0131nda m\u0259z\u0259nn\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259sir etm\u0259k v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u0259laq\u0259li m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yi xarici aktivl\u0259r kimi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir. Bu aktivl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131l, x\u00fcsusi borc alma h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 (SDR) v\u0259 BVF-d\u0259ki ehtiyat m\u00f6vqel\u0259r daxil ola bil\u0259r. Bununla bel\u0259, xarici valyuta \u0259ks\u0259r xarici ehtiyatlarda \u0259n bol aktivdir v\u0259 \u0259ks\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r xarici valyuta ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini AB\u015e dollar\u0131nda, ondan sonra avro v\u0259 Yapon yenind\u0259 saxlay\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u018fn b\u00f6y\u00fck valyuta ehtiyat\u0131 aktivl\u0259rin\u0259 malik 10 \u00f6lk\u0259ni t\u0259qdim edirik (milyard AB\u015e dollar\u0131) :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Yaponiya 1,238,056 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259 949,111 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Tayvan 541,110 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. Rusiya 541,000 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
6. Hindistan 524,520 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
7. S\u0259udiyy\u0259 \u018fr\u0259bistan\u0131 467,126 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
8. Honq-Konq 419,200 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
9. C\u0259nubi Koreya 416,770 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
10. Brazilya 327,580 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 c\u0259dv\u0259ld\u0259 \u00c7inin v\u0259 Honq Konqun ehtiyatlar\u0131 ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131l\u0131qda verilmi\u015fdir. \u00c7in indiy\u0259d\u0259k \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck xarici valyuta ehtiyatlar\u0131na sahibdir v\u0259 Honq-Konqun ehtiyatlar\u0131 birlikd\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nd\u0131qda, c\u0259mi 4 trilyon dollara yax\u0131nd\u0131r. Asiya v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Asiya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri xarici valyuta ehtiyatlar\u0131nda \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u0259m\u00e7inin n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131n ki, Rusiyan\u0131n valyuta ehtiyatlar\u0131 2022-ci ilin II r\u00fcb\u00fcn\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 630 milyard dollar t\u0259\u015fkil edib. Bununla bel\u0259, 2022-ci ilin fevral\u0131nda Rusiyan\u0131n Ukraynaya m\u00fcdaxil\u0259sin\u0259 cavab olaraq AB\u015e, A\u0130 v\u0259 dig\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259n iqtisadi sanksiyalar bu ehtiyatlar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini m\u0259rk\u0259zi d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259l\u00e7atmaz edib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u018fsas\u0259n avro v\u0259 yen olan AB\u015e valyuta ehtiyatlar\u0131 2022-ci ilin ll r\u00fcb\u00fcnd\u0259 229 milyard dollar d\u0259y\u0259rind\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilib. \u0130lk 10-lu\u011fa daxil olmayan B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya t\u0259qrib\u0259n 179 milyard dollar xarici ehtiyata sahibdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Niy\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r xarici ehtiyatlara sahibdirl\u0259r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6lk\u0259l\u0259r beyn\u0259lxalq ticar\u0259ti tarazla\u015fd\u0131rmaq, b\u00f6hran zaman\u0131 likvidlik kimi daxili valyutan\u0131 sabitl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn valyuta bazarlar\u0131na m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 etm\u0259k, xarici v\u0259 yerli investorlar\u0131n inam\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k kimi bir ne\u00e7\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 xarici valyuta ehtiyatlar\u0131na sahibdirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7inin xarici ehtiyatlar\u0131 niy\u0259 bu q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7in mallar\u0131n xalis ixracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r, xarici ticar\u0259tin \u00e7ox hiss\u0259si AB\u015e dollar\u0131 il\u0259 apar\u0131l\u0131r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u00c7in \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri AB\u015e dollar\u0131 al\u0131r, lakin onlar\u0131 bank sistemi vasit\u0259sil\u0259 \u00c7in valyutas\u0131na \u00e7evirm\u0259lidirl\u0259r. Banklar daha sonra bunlar\u0131 m\u0259rk\u0259zi bankla uzla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Bundan sonra m\u0259rk\u0259zi bank dollardan AB\u015e d\u00f6vl\u0259t qiym\u0259tli ka\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edir ki, bu da planetin \u0259n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz investisiyalar\u0131ndan hesab olunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir \u00f6lk\u0259nin xarici ehtiyatlar\u0131 t\u00fck\u0259n\u0259 bil\u0259r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir \u00f6lk\u0259 valyutas\u0131n\u0131 sabitl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k v\u0259 ya iqtisadiyyat\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xarici ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 satmaq z\u0259rur\u0259ti yaranarsa, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 daxili valyutan\u0131n m\u0259z\u0259nn\u0259si z\u0259ifl\u0259diyi halda azalda bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Son olaraq onu da qeyd ed\u0259k ki, xarici valyuta ehtiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n saxlanmas\u0131 bir mill\u0259tin iqtisadi sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox vacibdir. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Xarici valyuta ehtiyatlar\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin iqtisadi rifah\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox vacibdir. M\u00fcvafiq ehtiyatlar olmadan \u00f6lk\u0259 xam neft kimi kritik idxal\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 ya xarici borcuna xidm\u0259t ed\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k. Qeyri-adekvat ehtiyatlar iqtisadi b\u00f6hran v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zi bank\u0131n m\u00f6vcud reaksiyalar\u0131n\u0131 da m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131ra bil\u0259r. Xarici valyuta ehtiyatlar\u0131ndan valyuta m\u0259z\u0259nn\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 istifad\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r ki, bu da \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1924,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[392,350,335],"class_list":["post-1671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-meqaleler","tag-dunya-shmlri","tag-pul-qazanmaq","tag-yatirim"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1671","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1671"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1671\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1862,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1671\/revisions\/1862"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.investaz.az\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}